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Dakota / Lakota Theology


When you study People you are touching -- not a problem -- but a Mystery.
Problems are irritating, and when solved are discarded. Mysteries are fascinating, and when tested are entrancing.
Scientists do not study the mystery!!! but only the peripheral and animal areas of human life.
Reproduction
Nest building
Food gathering
Social structure
Educational system
All peripheral, and if you stay in these
areas alone, you do not know the person,
or persons.
* * * YOU MUST WORSHIP WITH A MAN TO BEGIN TO KNOW HIM. * * *
For your understanding we have used familiar catechetical terms to parallel Indian concepts in religion.
1. WAKAN -- this word comes back again and again
Wakantanka -- wicasa wakan -- sunka wakan
People are wakan -- and some places too
Other words: Unktomi, Witko denote kinds of spirits.
2. Creation -- starts in Black Hills -- read enclosed story
After man was made, he, too, was lonesome; and the young maidens of the Bird and Beaver and Bear tribes played around him to make him happy. Read "Soul of the Indian.

3. Sin -- Moon was unfaithful, so she must again and again cover her face.

4. Prayer -- Hambleciya -- Prayer stones

5. Penance -- Sweat Bath -- Sun Dance.

6. Community -- Oyate -- Tiyospaye.

7. Priesthood -- Wicasawakan -- had much Wasagiya

8. Worship -- Sacred Pipe

Flags at the Sacred Spot:
West --- Black -- Confrontation -- War
North -- Red ---- Control ----------- Law
East ---- White -- Renewal ---------- Spirit
South -- Yellow - Quiet ------------- Unity
9. After life -- No Hell -- Life -- Eating with the dead.

Is there anything that is missing from God's full revelation?

The Thunderbird --- A person -- Guide, Counselor, Teacher, Judge.
Have we lost the idea of the "personality" of the Redeemer?
"Organization is our salvation"
"The basis of all human change, whether personal, social, political, economic, is Theology."
'We also have a religion which was given to our forefathers, and has been handed down to us their children. It teaches us to be thankful, to be united, and to love one another! We never quarrel about religion." Senaca Orator-Red Jacket.
God has revealed himself to all his children. See the perception of this in the Documents of Vatican II.
"The religion of the Indian is the last thing about him the man of another race will never understand." Charles Eastman
A man's religion is the deepest thing in him.
The Indian does not speak of these deep matters so long as he believes in them, and when he has ceased to believe he speaks inaccurately and slightingly." Charles Eastman
When Man's trust is lost, he begins to attack that in which he trusted.
Even if he can be induced to speak, the racial and religious prejudice of the other stands in the way of his sympathetic comprehension. Charles Eastman
It is very difficult for man to overcome his own complexes.
"You whites have a Chief to go by (the President) , but the only thing I go by is Wakantanka. The whites think the Great Spirit has nothing to do with us, but he has. After fooling with us and taking away our lands, the whites will have to suffer for it hereafter." Red Cloud
Material things do not hold value to old Indians. To young Indians, yes, they do now, after school, etc.

The movement back to the simplicity of the Indian Theology is a movement of Honesty. Up to now there has been a relation of utter dependency, submission to the superior "knowledge" of the whites. This is now passing -- or already past.

Indian Theology is tightly wound up in myth. Therefore do not expect a systematic, or final, explanation of their thoughts. Myths live and grow and extend themselves. In our Scriptures (Old Testament) you find myths, fiction, song. This is the way Tribal Theology is handed from one generation to another.

Systematic Theology attempts to take all mystery from religion. In doing this it destroys the Soul in its sectioning of the Body of Truth.

Most of the above is gone from the Dakotah consciousness. But perceptive men are thinking about it again.

Instead of the above we have given religious sanction to the dicta of Benjamin Franklin and others:

Competitiveness - for - equality
Individualism - - - for - community
Action - - - - - - - - for - contemplation
Earth - - - - - - - - - for - heaven
Law - - - - - - - - - - for - spirit
WASP Ethic - - - - for - scripture Ethic
The Dakotah in their religion want no Integration by destruction or conformation by vilification

When Custer came to parley with Chief Medicine Arrow, Bad Dog and others were seated inside the Council Lodge in a circle. Only Custer was allowed to enter and was seated near the door on the left side, next to Medicine Arrow.

The Sacred Pipe was brought forth, filled, and lighted from the fire burning in the center of the Lodge. The Chief took the first puff and handed the pipe to Custer, who was told to smoke the pipe until nothing remained in the pipe but ashes. This he did and handed the pipe back to Medicine Arrow. After the ceremony, the Indians filed out, Custer coming last.

Medicine Arrow sat down in front of the Lodge door and dug a small hole in the ground with his hands. He emptied the ashes from the pipe that has been smoked over the Sacred Arrows into the hole and covered them, making a small mound.

He stood up and faced Custer and said, "You have taken this pipe and this smoke in the presence of the Sacred Arrows of the Cheyenne. You have promised not to hurt us. If you break this pledge, you will become as ashes in the grave. Yellow Hair, this is your grave. If you do not keep your word, you will die

Custer walked away unmoved by the ceremony or by the Chief's prophecy.

When the last red man shall have perished, and the memory of my tribe shall have become a myth among the white men, these shores will swarm with the invisible dead of my tribe ....

At night when the streets of your cities and villages are silent and you think them deserted, they will throng with the returning hosts that once filled and still love this beautiful land. The white man will never be alone.

Let him be just and deal kindly with my people, for the dead are not powerless. Dead. did I say? There is no death only a change of worlds.
. . . . . . . . . Chief Seattle

The frog does not drink up the pond in which he lives.
. . . . . . . . . . An Indian proverb.

"This war did not spring up here in our land: this war was brought upon us by the children of the Great White Father who came to take our land from us without price, and who, in our land, do a great many evil things. The Great Father and his children are to blame for this trouble...It is our wish to live here in our country peaceable, and do such things as may be for the welfare and good of our people...When people come to trouble it is better for both parties to come together without arms and talk it over and find some peaceful way to settle it."
. . . . . . . . . . Spotted Tail (Dakota)

"Let me be a free man... free to travel, free to stop, free to work, free to trade where I choose, free to choose my own teachers, free to follow the religion of my fathers, free to talk and think and act for myself.... and I will obey every law - or submit to the penalty.'
. . . . . . . . . . Chief Joseph 


For Lectures on Dakota/Lakota Theology
write to:

American Indian Culture Research Center

P.O. Box 98
Marvin, SD 57251-0098
Phone: (605) 398-9200
Fax: (605) 398-9201
E-Mail: indian@bluecloud.org